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                        Python高级
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                            <b>1.</b>
                        
                        Linux系统基础
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                            <b>1.1.</b>
                        
                        操作系统(科普章节)
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                            <b>1.2.</b>
                        
                        操作系统发展史(科普章节)
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                            <b>1.3.</b>
                        
                        Ubuntu图形界面入门
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                            <b>1.4.</b>
                        
                        文件目录
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                        常用Linux命令的基本使用
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                            <b>1.6.</b>
                        
                        Linux终端命令格式
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                            <b>1.7.</b>
                        
                        常用Linux命令选项的使用
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                            <b>2.</b>
                        
                        Linux系统命令
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                            <b>2.1.</b>
                        
                        高级Linux命令及命令选项
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                            <b>2.2.</b>
                        
                        远程登录和远程拷贝
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                            <b>2.3.</b>
                        
                        软件安装与卸载
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                            <b>2.4.</b>
                        
                        编辑器vim
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                            <b>2.5.</b>
                        
                        命令总结
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                            <b>3.</b>
                        
                        网络-UDP
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                            <b>3.1.</b>
                        
                        网络概述
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                            <b>3.2.</b>
                        
                        IP地址
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                            <b>3.3.</b>
                        
                        Linux命令-ping和ifconfig
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                            <b>3.4.</b>
                        
                        端口
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                            <b>3.5.</b>
                        
                        网络传输方式-UDP
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                            <b>3.6.</b>
                        
                        socket介绍
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                            <b>3.7.</b>
                        
                        udp网络程序-发送、接收数据
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                            <b>3.8.</b>
                        
                        数据编码和解码
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                            <b>3.9.</b>
                        
                        udp绑定端口号
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                            <b>3.10.</b>
                        
                        案例-udp发送广播消息
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                            <b>3.11.</b>
                        
                        案例-udp聊天器
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                            <b>4.</b>
                        
                        网络-TCP
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                            <b>4.1.</b>
                        
                        网络传输方式-TCP
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                            <b>4.2.</b>
                        
                        TCP网络程序-客户端
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                            <b>4.3.</b>
                        
                        TCP网络程序-服务端
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                            <b>4.4.</b>
                        
                        TCP注意点
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                            <b>4.5.</b>
                        
                        案例-文件下载器
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                            <b>4.6.</b>
                        
                        tcp的3次握手
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                            <b>4.7.</b>
                        
                        tcp的4次挥手
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="4.8" data-path="day04/08.wireshark的使用.html">
            
                
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                            <b>4.8.</b>
                        
                        wireshark的使用
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                            <b>5.</b>
                        
                        多任务-线程
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="day05/01.多任务的介绍.html">
            
                
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                            <b>5.1.</b>
                        
                        多任务的介绍
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="day05/02.线程.html">
            
                
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                            <b>5.2.</b>
                        
                        线程
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="day05/03.线程注意点.html">
            
                
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                            <b>5.3.</b>
                        
                        线程的注意点
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="day05/04.自定义线程.html">
            
                
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                            <b>5.4.</b>
                        
                        自定义线程
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="day05/05.多线程-共享全局变量.html">
            
                
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                            <b>5.5.</b>
                        
                        多线程-共享全局变量
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="day05/06.多线程-共享全局变量问题.html">
            
                
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                            <b>5.6.</b>
                        
                        多线程-共享全局变量问题
                    </a>
            
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="day05/07.互斥锁.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day05/07.互斥锁.html">
                
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                            <b>5.7.</b>
                        
                        互斥锁
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        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="day05/08.死锁.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day05/08.死锁.html">
                
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                            <b>5.8.</b>
                        
                        死锁
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="day05/09.案例-多任务udp聊天器.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day05/09.案例-多任务udp聊天器.html">
                
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                            <b>5.9.</b>
                        
                        案例-多任务版udp聊天器
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="day05/10.案例-多任务版TCP服务端.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day05/10.案例-多任务版TCP服务端.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>5.10.</b>
                        
                        案例-多任务版TCP服务端
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="5.11" data-path="day05/11.案例-多任务版文件下载.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day05/11.案例-多任务版文件下载.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>5.11.</b>
                        
                        案例-多任务版文件下载
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="day06/index.html">
            
                
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                            <b>6.</b>
                        
                        多任务-进程
                    </a>
            
            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="day06/01.进程介绍.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day06/01.进程介绍.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>6.1.</b>
                        
                        进程介绍
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="day06/02.进程的使用.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day06/02.进程的使用.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>6.2.</b>
                        
                        进程的使用
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="day06/03.进程注意点.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day06/03.进程注意点.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>6.3.</b>
                        
                        进程注意点
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="day06/04.进程间通信-Queue.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day06/04.进程间通信-Queue.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>6.4.</b>
                        
                        进程间通信-Queue
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="day06/05.进程池.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day06/05.进程池.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>6.5.</b>
                        
                        进程的创建-进程池
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="day06/06.进程、线程对比.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day06/06.进程、线程对比.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>6.6.</b>
                        
                        进程和线程的对比
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="6.7" data-path="day06/07.案例-文件夹拷贝器-多任务版.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day06/07.案例-文件夹拷贝器-多任务版.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>6.7.</b>
                        
                        案例-多任务版文件夹拷贝器
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="day07/index.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day07/index.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>7.</b>
                        
                        多任务-协程
                    </a>
            
            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="day07/01.迭代.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day07/01.迭代.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>7.1.</b>
                        
                        迭代
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="day07/02.迭代器.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day07/02.迭代器.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>7.2.</b>
                        
                        迭代器
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="day07/03.生成器.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day07/03.生成器.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>7.3.</b>
                        
                        生成器
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="day07/04.协程-yield.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day07/04.协程-yield.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>7.4.</b>
                        
                        协程-yield
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="day07/05.协程-greenlet.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day07/05.协程-greenlet.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>7.5.</b>
                        
                        协程-greenlet
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="day07/06.协程-gevent.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day07/06.协程-gevent.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>7.6.</b>
                        
                        协程-gevent
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="day07/07.进程、线程、协程对比.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day07/07.进程、线程、协程对比.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>7.7.</b>
                        
                        进程、线程、协程区别
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="day07/08.案例-gevent多任务图片下载.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day07/08.案例-gevent多任务图片下载.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>7.8.</b>
                        
                        案例-gevent多任务图片下载
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="day08/index.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/index.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.</b>
                        
                        正则表达式
                    </a>
            
            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="day08/01.正则表达式的介绍.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/01.正则表达式的介绍.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.1.</b>
                        
                        正则表达式的介绍
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="day08/02.re模块介绍.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/02.re模块介绍.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.2.</b>
                        
                        re模块介绍
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="day08/03.匹配单个字符.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/03.匹配单个字符.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.3.</b>
                        
                        匹配单个字符
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="day08/04.匹配多个字符.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/04.匹配多个字符.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.4.</b>
                        
                        匹配多个字符
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="day08/05.匹配开头和结尾.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/05.匹配开头和结尾.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.5.</b>
                        
                        匹配开头和结尾
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="day08/06.匹配分组.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/06.匹配分组.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.6.</b>
                        
                        匹配分组
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="day08/07.re模块的高级用法.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/07.re模块的高级用法.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.7.</b>
                        
                        re模块的高级用法
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="day08/08.贪婪和非贪婪.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/08.贪婪和非贪婪.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.8.</b>
                        
                        贪婪和非贪婪
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="day08/09.r的作用.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day08/09.r的作用.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>8.9.</b>
                        
                        r的作用
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="day09/index.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day09/index.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.</b>
                        
                        HTTP协议
                    </a>
            
            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="day09/01.浏览器访问服务器的过程.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day09/01.浏览器访问服务器的过程.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.1.</b>
                        
                        浏览器访问服务器的过程
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="day09/02.http协议.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day09/02.http协议.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.2.</b>
                        
                        HTTP协议介绍
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="day09/03.谷歌浏览器开发者工具查看http协议的通信过程.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day09/03.谷歌浏览器开发者工具查看http协议的通信过程.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.3.</b>
                        
                        开发工具查看http协议通信过程
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="day09/04.http请求报文.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day09/04.http请求报文.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.4.</b>
                        
                        HTTP请求报文格式
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="day09/05.获取请求报文原数据.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day09/05.获取请求报文原数据.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.5.</b>
                        
                        获取请求报文原数据
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="day09/06.http响应报文.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day09/06.http响应报文.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.6.</b>
                        
                        HTTP响应报文格式
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="day09/07.tcp长连接和短连接.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day09/07.tcp长连接和短连接.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.7.</b>
                        
                        长连接和短连接
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="day09/08.案例-模拟浏览器的实现.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day09/08.案例-模拟浏览器的实现.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.8.</b>
                        
                        案例-模拟浏览器的实现
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="day10/index.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day10/index.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.</b>
                        
                        Web静态服务器
                    </a>
            
            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="day10/01.返回固定数据.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day10/01.返回固定数据.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.1.</b>
                        
                        返回固定数据
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="day10/02.返回固定页面数据.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day10/02.返回固定页面数据.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.2.</b>
                        
                        返回固定页面数据
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="day10/03.返回指定页面数据.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day10/03.返回指定页面数据.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.3.</b>
                        
                        返回指定页面数据
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="day10/04.返回404页面数据.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day10/04.返回404页面数据.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.4.</b>
                        
                        返回404页面数据
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="day10/05.多任务web服务器.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day10/05.多任务web服务器.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.5.</b>
                        
                        多任务web服务器
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="day10/06.web服务器面向对象开发.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day10/06.web服务器面向对象开发.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.6.</b>
                        
                        web服务器面向对象开发
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="day10/07.给web服务器添加命令行参数.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../day10/07.给web服务器添加命令行参数.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.7.</b>
                        
                        给web服务器添加命令行参数
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
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                        <h1 id="&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x53F2;&#xFF08;&#x79D1;&#x666E;&#x7AE0;&#x8282;&#xFF09;">&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x53F2;&#xFF08;&#x79D1;&#x666E;&#x7AE0;&#x8282;&#xFF09;</h1>
<h2 id="&#x76EE;&#x6807;">&#x76EE;&#x6807;</h2>
<ul>
<li>&#x77E5;&#x9053;Unix&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;</li>
<li>&#x77E5;&#x9053; Linux &#x5185;&#x6838;&#x53CA;&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;&#x7684;&#x533A;&#x522B;</li>
<li>&#x77E5;&#x9053; Linux &#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x9886;&#x57DF;</li>
<li>&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="1-&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x5386;&#x53F2;">1. &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x5386;&#x53F2;</h2>
<h3 id="11-unix">1.1 Unix</h3>
<ul>
<li>1969 &#x5E74; <strong>Ken Thompson</strong> &#x5F53;&#x65F6;&#x5728;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x5BA4;&#x65E0;&#x804A;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x8BA9;&#x4E00;&#x53F0;&#x7A7A;&#x95F2;&#x7684;&#x7535;&#x8111;&#x4E0A;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C; &quot;&#x661F;&#x9645;&#x65C5;&#x884C;&#xFF08;Space Travel&#xFF09;&quot; &#x6E38;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x5728; 8 &#x6708;&#x4EFD;&#x5DE6;&#x53F3;&#x8D81;&#x7740;&#x5176;&#x59BB;&#x5B50;&#x63A2;&#x4EB2;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;<strong>&#x7528;&#x4E86; 1 &#x4E2A;&#x6708;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6C47;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x51FA;&#x4E86; Unix &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x578B;</li>
<li>1970 &#x5E74;&#xFF0C;&#x7F8E;&#x56FD;&#x8D1D;&#x5C14;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x5BA4;&#x7684; <strong>Ken Thompson</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5; <strong>BCPL</strong> &#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E3A;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#xFF0C;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x51FA;&#x5F88;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x4E14;&#x5F88;&#x63A5;&#x8FD1;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x7684; <strong>B &#x8BED;&#x8A00;</strong>&#xFF08;&#x53D6;BCPL&#x7684;&#x9996;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x4ED6;&#x7528; <strong>B &#x8BED;&#x8A00;</strong> &#x5199;&#x4E86;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; UNIX &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;</li>
<li>1971 &#x5E74;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x9177;&#x7231; &quot;&#x661F;&#x9645;&#x65C5;&#x884C;&#xFF08;Space Travel&#xFF09;&quot; &#x7684; <strong>Dennis M.Ritchie</strong> &#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x80FD;&#x65E9;&#x70B9;&#x513F;&#x73A9;&#x4E0A;&#x6E38;&#x620F;&#xFF0C;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x4E86; <strong>Thompson</strong> &#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#xFF0C;&#x5408;&#x4F5C;&#x5F00;&#x53D1; UNIX&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x662F;&#x6539;&#x9020; <strong>B &#x8BED;&#x8A00;</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;<strong>B &#x8BED;&#x8A00;</strong> &#x7684;&#x8DE8;&#x5E73;&#x53F0;&#x6027;&#x8F83;&#x5DEE;</li>
<li>1972 &#x5E74;&#xFF0C;<strong>Dennis M.Ritchie</strong> &#x5728; <strong>B &#x8BED;&#x8A00;</strong> &#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x4E0A;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x53D6;&#x4E86; <strong>BCPL</strong> &#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x662F; <strong>C &#x8BED;&#x8A00;</strong></li>
<li>1973 &#x5E74;&#x521D;&#xFF0C;<strong>C &#x8BED;&#x8A00;</strong>&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x4F53;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#xFF0C;<strong>Thompson</strong> &#x548C; <strong>Ritchie</strong> &#x8FEB;&#x4E0D;&#x53CA;&#x5F85;&#x5730;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x7528;&#x5B83;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x91CD;&#x5199;&#x4E86;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x5927;&#x540D;&#x9F0E;&#x9F0E;&#x7684; <strong>Unix &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="imgs/unix&#x4E4B;&#x7236;.png" alt="unix&#x4E4B;&#x7236;"></p>
<p>&#x80AF;&#xB7;&#x6C64;&#x666E;&#x900A;&#xFF08;&#x5DE6;&#xFF09;&#x548C;&#x4E39;&#x5C3C;&#x65AF;&#xB7;&#x91CC;&#x5947;&#xFF08;&#x53F3;&#xFF09;</p>
<h3 id="12-minix">1.2 Minix</h3>
<ul>
<li>&#x5728; Version 7 Unix &#x63A8;&#x51FA;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6761;&#x6B3E;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06; UNIX &#x6E90;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x79C1;&#x6709;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x5927;&#x5B66;&#x4E2D;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x518D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; UNIX &#x6E90;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;</li>
<li><strong>Andrew S. Tanenbaum&#xFF08;&#x5854;&#x80FD;&#x9C8D;&#x59C6;&#xFF09;</strong> &#x6559;&#x6388;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x80FD; <strong>&#x5728;&#x8BFE;&#x5802;&#x4E0A;&#x6559;&#x6388;&#x5B66;&#x751F;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x8FD0;&#x4F5C;&#x7684;&#x7EC6;&#x8282;</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55; AT&amp;T &#x7684;&#x6E90;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x524D;&#x63D0;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;1987&#x5E74;&#x81EA;&#x884C;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4E0E; UNIX &#x517C;&#x5BB9;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x7248;&#x6743;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x4E89;&#x8BAE;</li>
<li>&#x4EE5; <strong>&#x5C0F;&#x578B; UNIX&#xFF08;mini-UNIX&#xFF09;</strong>&#x4E4B;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x5B83;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A; <strong>MINIX</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="13-linux">1.3 Linux</h3>
<ul>
<li>1991 &#x5E74; <strong>&#x6797;&#x7EB3;&#x65AF;&#xFF08;Linus&#xFF09;</strong> &#x5C31;&#x8BFB;&#x4E8E;&#x8D6B;&#x5C14;&#x8F9B;&#x57FA;&#x5927;&#x5B66;&#x671F;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9; Unix &#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x6D53;&#x539A;&#x5174;&#x8DA3;&#xFF0C;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x7740;&#x5728;Minix &#x4E0A;&#x505A;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;</li>
<li>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A; <strong>Minix</strong> &#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x6559;&#x5B66;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;<strong>&#x6797;&#x7EB3;&#x65AF;</strong> &#x4ED6;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x4E86;Linux &#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x5E74;&#x4EC5; 21 &#x5C81;&#xFF01;</li>
<li>&#x5373; Unix &#x4E0A;&#x8DD1;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x5728; Linux &#x4E0A;&#x8DD1;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E0E;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x4E0D;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;</li>
<li>&#x4E00;&#x5F00;&#x59CB; Linux &#x53EA;&#x9002;&#x7528;&#x4E8E; 386&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x6765;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x5168;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x53CB;&#x7684;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x517C;&#x5BB9;&#x591A;&#x79CD;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="imgs/&#x6797;&#x7EB3;&#x65AF;.jpg" alt="&#x6797;&#x7EB3;&#x65AF;"></p>
<h2 id="2-linux-&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x53CA;&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;">2. Linux &#x5185;&#x6838;&#x53CA;&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;</h2>
<h3 id="21-linux-&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x7248;&#x672C;">2.1 Linux &#x5185;&#x6838;&#x7248;&#x672C;</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>&#x5185;&#x6838;&#xFF08;kernel&#xFF09;</strong>&#x662F;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x5FC3;&#x810F;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x548C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x7684;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5728;&#x88F8;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x4E0E;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x5C42;</li>
<li>Linux &#x5185;&#x6838;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x53C8;&#x5206;&#x4E3A; <strong>&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;&#x7248;</strong> &#x548C; <strong>&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x7248;</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x662F;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x5173;&#x8054;&#xFF0C;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;<ul>
<li><strong>&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;&#x7248;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x5DE5;&#x4E1A;&#x7EA7;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#x5730;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x548C;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x3002;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;&#x7248;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x8F83;&#x65E7;&#x7684;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x4FEE;&#x6B63;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B; bug &#x6216;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;</li>
<li><strong>&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x7248;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x8981;&#x8BD5;&#x9A8C;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x5F88;&#x5FEB;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x6E90;&#x7801;&#x7F51;&#x5740;&#xFF1A;<a href="http://www.kernel.org" target="_blank">http://www.kernel.org</a></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6765;&#x81EA;&#x5168;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x7684;&#x5BF9; Linux &#x6E90;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6C47;&#x603B;&#x5230;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7F51;&#x7AD9;&#xFF0C;&#x7531; Linus &#x9886;&#x5BFC;&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x6E90;&#x793E;&#x533A;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7504;&#x522B;&#x548C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x5230; Linux &#x4E3B;&#x7EBF;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x6E90;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="22-linux-&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;&#x672C;">2.2 Linux &#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;&#x672C;</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Linux &#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;&#xFF08;&#x4E5F;&#x88AB;&#x53EB;&#x505A; GNU/Linux &#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;&#xFF09;</strong>&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x684C;&#x9762;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x3001;&#x529E;&#x516C;&#x5957;&#x4EF6;&#x3001;&#x5A92;&#x4F53;&#x64AD;&#x653E;&#x5668;&#x3001;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x7B49;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;</li>
<li><p>&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>Ubuntu</li>
<li>Redhat</li>
<li>Fedora</li>
<li>openSUSE</li>
<li>Linux Mint</li>
<li>Debian</li>
<li>Manjaro</li>
<li>Mageia</li>
<li>CentOS</li>
<li>Arch</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>&#x5341;&#x5927; Linux &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;&#x6392;&#x884C;&#x699C;&#xFF1A;<a href="http://os.51cto.com/art/201612/526126.htm" target="_blank">http://os.51cto.com/art/201612/526126.htm</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x5728;&#x51E0;&#x4E4E;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4EFD;&#x4E0E; Linux &#x6709;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x699C;&#x5355;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E; Debian &#x7684; Ubuntu &#x90FD;&#x5360;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x5E2D;&#x4E4B;&#x4F4D;&#x3002;Canonical &#x7684;Ubuntu &#x80DC;&#x8FC7;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684; Linux &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248; &#x2015;&#x2015; &#x4ECE;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x3001;&#x51FA;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x5230;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x5546;&#x4E1A;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#xFF0C;Ubuntu&#x786E;&#x7ACB;&#x4E86;&#x96BE;&#x4EE5;&#x4F01;&#x53CA;&#x7684;&#x4E25;&#x683C;&#x6807;&#x51C6;</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="3-&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;">3. &#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;</h2>
<p>&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#xFF08;Virtual Machine&#xFF09;&#x6307;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x6A21;&#x62DF;&#x7684;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x3001;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x9694;&#x79BB;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x673A;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x5168;&#x65B0;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF0C;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;</li>
<li>&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5168;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x684C;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;</li>
<li>&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x5728;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E0E;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#x5207;&#x6362;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x7C7B;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="&#x5C0F;&#x7ED3;">&#x5C0F;&#x7ED3;</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong> Unix&#x3001;mini-UNIX&#x3001;Linux&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x7528;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x7684; </strong></li>
<li><strong> Unix&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x80AF;&#xB7;&#x6C64;&#x666E;&#x900A;&#x548C;&#x4E39;&#x5C3C;&#x65AF;&#xB7;&#x91CC;&#x5947;&#xFF0C;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x662F;1973&#x5E74;</strong></li>
<li><strong> mini-Unix&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x5854;&#x80FD;&#x9C8D;&#x59C6; &#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;1987&#x5E74;</strong></li>
<li><strong> Linux&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x6797;&#x7EB3;&#x65AF;&#xFF0C;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x662F;1991&#x5E74; </strong></li>
<li><strong> Linux&#x5728;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x3001;&#x5D4C;&#x5165;&#x5F0F;&#x3001;&#x684C;&#x9762;&#x9886;&#x57DF;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x9886;&#x57DF; </strong></li>
<li><strong> Linux &#x514D;&#x8D39;&#x3001;&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;&#x3001;&#x9AD8;&#x6548;&#x3001;&#x5F00;&#x6E90; </strong></li>
</ul>

                    
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